Trong LAD hay trong STL cc lnh tng hoc gim u lm vic vi cc ton hng c kiu Byte, t n, kiu t kp theo nguyn tc cng hoc tr ton hng vi s nguyn 1. Ton hng Operands Kiu d liu Data Types. Kt qu c lu vo doubleword OUT. Trc khi thc hin qu trnh tnh ton vng lp PID ny cn phi thc hin mt s th tc quy nh trc khi qu trnh tnh ton din ra nh: vic khai bo tham s ca hm, a ch ca mng d liu, ly mu tn hiu vo analog u vo, thc hin qu trnh tnh ton, chun ho, hiu chnh Phn ny s c trnh by c th chng sau.
Swap Byte Lnh o d liu ca 2 byte trong t n IN. OUT: QB. Hai t n u tin ca bng dng qun l bng. C ngha l bng ln nht c byte. Hai t n u bng c ngha nh sau:. Bit SM1. Tip: Lnh bng c thc hin lin tc mt t trong mt vng qut khi u vo vn cn c kch. Bi vy trc khi gi lnh lm vic vi bng nn thc hin lnh pht hin sn ln EU cho tn hiu u vo. Khi lnh thc hin xong th ni dung ca t EC tng thm 1 n v. Mu d liu nh trc l ni dung ca ton hng PTN ca lnh. Bng c ch nh trong lnh tm kim c ch nh bng ni dung ca ton hng TBL ch nh nm ngay trc vng cha d liu ca bng ny chnh l t n EC.
Mi d liu trong bng c kch thc bng t n. Lnh c th bt u cng vic tm kim ti mt im bt k trong vng d liu. Ton hng INDX xc nh im xut pht ca cng vic tm kim bng vic ch ra ch s ca d liu u tin trong.
Khi tm thy , INDX s ch vo d liu u tin tm c trong bng v lnh c kt thc. Do tm kim d liu tip theo, INDX phi c tng gi tr l v gi li lnh ny. D liu ly ra c ghi vo DATA kiu t. D liu ly ra ghi vo DATA kiu t. Khi lnh thc hin xong ni dung ca EC gim i mt n v. AC, LD. Trong LAD cc mch ny biu din thng qua cu trc mch, mc ni tip hay song song cc mch tip im thng ng v cc tip im thng m. Gi tr ca cc bit trong ngn xp thay i tu thuc vo tng lnh.
Trong phn ny chng ta s i su hn v s lm vic ca cc bit trong ngn xp, vic hiu v nm bt v ngn xp l iu rt cn thit trong vn lp trnh dng ngn ng STL. Ngoi nhng lnh lm vic trc tip vi tip im, S cn c 5 lnh c bit biu din cc php tnh ca i s Boolean cho cc bit trong ngn xp, c gi l cc lnh stack logic. Trong LAD khng dng nhng lnh ny. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp. Or LoaD Lnh t hp gi tr u tin v gi tr ca bit th hai trong ngn xp bng php tnh. Logic PuSh Sao chp gi tr ca bit u tin vo bit th hai trong ngn xp.
Bit cui cng b y ra ngoi. Logic ReaD Lnh sao chp gi tr ca bit th hai vo bit u tin ca ngn xp, cc gi tr cn li ca ngn xp vn gi nguyn. Logic PoP Lnh ko ngn xp ln 1 bit theo nguyn tc bit sao ln bit trc. LoaD Stack Lnh sao chp gi tr ca bit th n ngn xp c 9 bit th bit th nh c tnh l Ta c th thc hin c bng cch dng lnh ITD chuyn s nguyn 16 bit none none thnh s nguyn 32 bit sau dng tip lnh DTR chuyn s nguyn 32 bit sang s thc.
Lnh xc nh ch s ca bit thp nht trong t n IN c gi tr logic 1v ghi kt qu ny vo nibble thp nht ca byte u ra OUT. SB, LD. Bit SM4. Nhng gi tr c c hoc ghi c vi ng h thi gian thc l cc gi tr v ngy, thng, nm v cc gi tr v gi, pht, giy. Chng nm trong b m gm 8 byte lin nhau theo th t nh sau:.
CPU S khng thc hin kim tra li ngy thng, ngy ca tun iu chnh li ngy thng. Gi tr v ngy thng nh l February 30 c th c chp nhn. Do bn s phi chc chn rng ngy thng ca bn a vo l ng. Lnh c ni dung ca ng h thi gian thc vo b m 8 byte c ch nh trong lnh bng ton hng T. Lnh ghi ni dung ca b m 8 byte c ch nh trong lnh bng ton hng T vo ng h thi gian thc. Lnh iu khin chng trnh cho php thay i th t thc hin lnh. Chng cho php chuyn th t nh: ng l ra l lnh tip theo, ti mt lnh bt c no khc ca chng trnh; trong ni iu khin chuyn n phi c nh du trc bng nhn ch ch.
Nhm lnh iu khin chng trnh gm: lnh nhy, lnh gi chng trnh con, nhn ch ch hay gi n gin l nhn , phi c nh du trc khi thc hin lnh nhy hay lnh gi chng trnh con. Vic t nhn cho lnh nhy phi nm trong chng trnh. Nhn ca chng trnh con hay nhn ca chng trnh x l ngt phi c khai bo u chng trnh. Khng th dng lnh JMP chuyn iu khin t chng trnh chnh vo nhn bt k trong chng trnh con hoc chng trnh x l ngt. Ngc li cng khng c php t mt chng trnh con hay chng trnh x l ngt nhy ra ngoi chng trnh chnh.
Lnh gi chng trnh con l lnh chuyn quyn iu khin n chng trnh con. Sau khi chng trnh con thc hin xong th quyn iu khin li c chuyn v lnh tip theo trong chng trnh chnh ngay sau lnh gi chng trnh con. T mt chng trnh con c th gi mt chng trnh con khc trong n, c th gi nh vy nhiu nht l 8 ln. Php quy cng c th thc hin c trong S, mc d khng b cm song phi ch n gii hn trn. Trng thi ca ngn xp: Nu lnh nhy hay lnh gi chng trnh con c thc hin th nh ngn xp lun c gi tr logic bng 1.
Nh vy trong chng trnh con cc lnh c iu kin c thc hin nh lnh khng c iu kin. Khi mt chng trnh con c gi, ton b ni dung trong ngn xp s c ct i, nh ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic mi l 1, cc bit khc cn li ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic l 0 v iu khin c chuyn n chng trnh con c gi. Khi thc hin xong chng trnh con v trc khi quyn iu khin c chuyn n chng trnh gi n th ni dung ca ngn xp c ct gi trc s c chuyn tr li cho ngn xp. Ni dung ca thanh ghi AC khng c ct gi khi gi chng trnh con, nhng khi mt chng trnh x l ngt c gi, ni dung thanh ghi AC s c ct gi trc khi thc hin chng trnh x l ngt v tr li sau khi chng trnh x l ngt va thc hin xong.
Bi vy chng trnh x l ngt c th t do s dng 4 thanh ghi AC ca S Lnh nhy thc hin chuyn quyn iu khin n nhn n n: trong mt chng CPU n 63 trnh. CPU 21x khc t Lnh khai bo nhn n 0 n Lnh gi chng trnh con, thc hin php chuyn quyn iu khin n chng trnh con c nhn n.
Lnh tr v chng trnh gi chng trnh con khng iu kin. Lnh tr v chng trnh gi chng trnh con c iu kin. Trong chng trnh chnh, kt thc chng trnh bng lnh MEND, nhng trong son tho chng trnh chng ta khng cn lnh kt thc ny m Step 7 MicroWin mc nh ri.
Lnh END cng l lnh kt thc chng trnh nhng l lnh kt thc c iu kin. Nu trong chng trnh x l ngt gp lnh STOP th ngt cng c dng li ngay lp tc, cc tn hiu x l ngt ang cn nm trong hng i s b hu b, phn cn li ca chng trnh s khng thc hin. Vic thc s chuyn sang ch STOP xy ra cui chu k vng qut hin thi sau giai on xut tn hiu cho u ra. Nn cn thn khi s dng lnh ny. Khi trong chng trnh s dng lnh lp, hoc thi gian tr qu ln th nhng qu trnh sau b hn ch: - Truyn thng loi tr kiu Freeport. Nu thi gian ca vng qut ln hn ms, hoc khi gp mt ngt c chng trnh x l ngt vi thi gian chy chng trnh lu hn ms th cn phi s dng lnh WDR khi ng li ng h quan st.
S dng lnh FOR Ngoi ra lnh cn s dng mt t n INDX lu s vng lp tc thi. Cc vng FOR NEXT c th c lng vo nhau nhng s lnh lng vo nhau khng c vt qu 8 ln. Khi lnh NEXT thc hin th bit u tin trong ngn xp c gi tr logic bng 1. Vt LD. Lnh kt thc vng lp. Khi s dng lnh dch chuyn cc bit ca thanh ghi Byte, Word, DWord cn ch cc im sau y: 1. Khng thc hin vic dch chuyn nu s ln y bng 0. Sau lnh thc hin, bit SM1. Bit bo kt qu 0 bit SM1.
Khi s dng lnh quay vng cc bit ca thanh ghi Byte, Word, DWord cn ch cc im sau y: 1. Lnh quay thc hin php y vng trn sang tri hoc sang phi cc bit ca mt Byte, Word, DWord.
Ti mi mt ln quay, gi tr ca cc bit b y ra mt u ca thanh ghi li c a vo u kia ca thanh ghi. Khng thc hin vic quay vng nu s ln quay bng 0. Sau khi lnh thc hin, bit SM1. Cc lnh dich chuyn hoc quay vng nh hng n kt qu ca cc bit c bit nh sau: Lnh Kiu lnh SM1. Lnh shift in gi tr zero vo cc bit va b dch chuyn i, bit cui cng b dch chuyn ra s c a vo bit bo trn SM1. IN OUT phi hay tri. Min gi tr cho php ca ton hng N l: N Nu N dng th php dch chuyn l php dch tri, gi tr ca DATA c chuyn vo bit thp nht, gi tr logic trong bit cao nht b y ra ngoi vo bit bo trn SM1.
Ngc li N l m th php dch chuyn l php dch phi, gi tr ca DATA c chuyn vo bit cao nht, gi tr logic trong bit thp nht b y ra ngoi vo bit bo trn SM1. SHRB Lnh dch chuyn cc bit ca thanh ghi mt v tr trong mt vng qut. Gi tr logic ca bit b y ra khi thanh ghi c ghi vo bit bo trn SM1. Nguyn tc c bn ca mt ch ngt cng ging nh thc hin vic gi mt chng trnh con, ch khc nhau y l chng trnh con c gi ch ng bng lnh gi chng trnh con CALL, cn chng trnh x l ngt c gi b ng bng tn hiu bo ngt.
Khi c mt tn hiu bo ngt, h thng s t chc thc hin gi v thc hin chng trnh con tng ng vi tn hiu ngt , hay ni cch khc l h thng s t chc x l tn hiu bo ngt. Chng trnh con ny c gi l chng trnh x l ngt. Do vic gi chng trnh x l ngt bng mt tn hiu bo ngt m thi im xut hin tn hiu bo ngt hon ton b ng, bi vy h thng s phi h tr thm cho cng vic x l ngt nh: ct gi ni dung ngn xp, ni dung thanh ghi AC v cc bit nh c bit; t chc xp hng u tin cho cc tn hiu x l ngt trong trng hp chng cha kp thi x l.
Ngt theo HSC1, khi c tn hiu bo i hng m t bn ngoi. Ngt theo HSC2, khi c tn hiu bo i hng m t bn ngoi. Ngt theo HSC4, khi c tn hiu bo i hng m t bn ngoi.
Th t u tin priority v hng i Queuing ca cc kiu ngt: Th t u tin ca cc kiu ngt khc nhau c cng ho t trc theo nguyn tc tn hiu no c trc th x l trc. Nu cng mt lc c nhiu tn hiu bo ngt th h thng s sp hng i theo th t u tin sau: Nhm ngt truyn thng ni tip. Nhm ngt vo ra k c ngt cho b m HSC v ngt truyn xung.
Nhm cc tn hiu bo ngt thi gian. Ti mi thi im ch c 1 chng trnh x l ngt c thc hin. Cng ni thm rng, nhm ngt truyn thng c v tr u tin cao nht v ngt thi gian c v tr u tin thp nht nhng khi h thng ang x l ngt thi gian m c tn hiu bo nht thi gian th h thng vn tip tc x l n khi kt thc mi tip tc x l ngt truyn thng. N c kch li bng lnh ENI kch ngt ton cc. Khai bo mt ch ngt phi thc hin hai vic: 1.
C th gp nhiu tn hiu bo ngt vo cng mt chng trnh chnh hoc con nhng mt tn hiu bo ngt ch c duy nht mt chng trnh x l ngt. Chng trnh x l ngt: Cng nh chng trnh con, mi chng trnh x l ngt c mt nhn ring c nh du ti im u ca chng trnh. Nhn ny c khai bo bng lnh INT. Tt c cc lnh nm gia nhn ca chng trnh x l ngt v lnh quay v khng iu kin RETI ca chng trnh x l ngt u thuc v ni dung ca chng trnh x l ngt. Chng trnh x l ngt cn phi c vit ti u, cng nhanh cng tt, khng nn thc hin chng trnh x l ngt qu lu.
Chng trnh iu khin ny gi l iu khin cng t do Freeport Control. Ch kim tra li cho k t nhn chn l Parity. Tt c cc vn ny c nh ngha trong byte c bit SMB30 sau:. Bit SM3. S dng thng bo vic truyn thng hon tt. Thit k chng trnh. Cc khi chc nng h thng. V d v mch iu khin trnh t. Thit k mch logic t hp. V d mt mch logic t hp. V d nhiu mch logic t hp.
Thit k mch iu khin trnh t. Phng php lp trnh trnh t. Phn nhnh trong iu khin trnh t. Nguyn l c bn iu khin trnh t dng thanh ghi. V d v iu khin tay my dng thanh ghi. Lin h li chng 3 5. Khi n c gi tr logic bng 1 th c c pht cho php on iu khin trnh t bt u lm vic. Khi c tn hiu truyn n lnh th S bit c tham chiu s set ln v relay iu khin trnh t ny bt u hot ng. Ngha l khng cho php nhy vo trong on SCR t bn ngoi hoc bn trong hoc t bn trong nhy ra.
Sau thi gian delay 2s, bit T37 s chuyn tip n trng thi SCR2. Khi cc dng trong iu khin phn k cng i ra t mt dng n phi hot ng ng thi. Xem m t hai dng phn k hnh 2. Hnh 5. Xem v d sau:. Tt c cc dng n phi hon tt trc khi trng thi tip theo c thc hin. Xem m t hai dng phn k hnh 5. State L State M. Khi hai bit trng thi c trnh din l ng th trng thi N tip theo c cho php, xem v d sau:. S lp li hot ng trnh t: c ng dng trong nhng bi ton cng ngh hot ng theo tng bc step v theo mt chu trnh nht nh khng c php thay i.
V d iu khin my gpt; n giao thng; iu khin my trn nhin liu Hnh 6. Module tin hnh c gi tr nhit in tr c bin thnh gi tr in p theo bc. Dng cung cp cho Pt l Digital value: gi tr u vo analog c chuyn i. Trc khi khi to chng trnh ny, phi xc nh c gii hn nhit thp nht v nhit cao nht. Nu nhit vt qu ngng th s xut hin dng cnh bo trn TD S V Network 5: Main Program End 6.
Nh u d nhit Pt l c kt ni ti knh vo analog ca module. Qa trnh chuyn i in tr trn Pt thnh nhit da trn s chuyn i in p. Ngun ni Pt c s dng nh 1 ngun dng. Tn hiu cung cp c dng n nh mc 2. EM chuyn i gi tr analog p thnh digital c thc hin tun t theo chu k. Trong qu trnh khi to, phi ch nh r vng gii hn gi tr thp nht v gi tr cao nht. Ngoi ra trn TD cn xem c cnh bo nu nhit vt qu gii hn n nh trc. Sai khc mt t so vi ng thng, hu ht s sai lch ny u nm trong gii hn.
S sai lch v in tr ph thuc vo nhit , xem hnh bn di. Trong trng hp ny ta phn dy nhit ra lm 30 on, 10C cho mi on. Nh ta mi tm c gi tr lch trung bnh cho tng on. Kt qu lch trong 30 on ny s c s dng trong sut qu trnh "tuyn tnh ho" ca chng trnh bng cch b gi tr nhit tng ng cho tng on. Gi tr b c th chuyn i sang C v c th a trc tip vo chng trnh tnh ton nhit. Gi tr b c lit k theo bng sau:. Trong sut qu trnh thit lp, gi tr hiu chnh c lu li trong vng nh m v sau chng trnh s thm vo trong gi tr nhit o c.
Ngun nui cung cp cho cm bin phi l ngun dng n nh 2. Nh vy 2. Chn gi tr ngng thp tng ng vi 2. La chn in p trong gii hn t 0V 1V bng cch la chn cc cng tc theo cc ch nh sau:. Network 7: Main Program End 6.
Gi tr ny c chuyn i sang dy xung vung c tn s tng ng 0Hz Hz. Dy xung ny s c m, sau khong thi gian nh trc, lng xung s c ghi v gi tr in p c tnh ton. Explore safety. Helpful features built-in Fast, easy-to-use tools for browsing From password check, dark mode, and the Google address bar, Chrome helps you get things done and stay safe online. Explore features. Helpful Browser Tips Essential Chrome tips you should know about Sync Chrome across devices, learn keyboard shortcuts, organize tabs, and more with time-saving tips to help you get the most from your browser.
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